The ultimate goal of the fast is to develop taqwa (consciousness of God) in people, as Allah said in Surah al–Baqarah Verse 183, “…that you may become righteous (taqwa).”

Taqwa is amongst the highest moral qualities that a Muslim can attain. It is achieved by placing a shield between ones self and Allah’s wrath, as the root meaning of the word implies (i.e. taqwa comes from the verb waqaa, which means “to safeguard”).

This is achieved by being conscious of Allah and all His commandments at all times, which means avoid the Haram (prohibited) as well as the Makruh (undesirable) and even some of the Halal (permissible), wherever doubt arises.

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References:
http://yushaevans.com
http://askaquestionto.us
http://quran.com
http://www.myot.org.au
http://www.fastramadan.com
http://sunnah.org
http://www.sunniforum.com